[17] John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy(New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 169-197.

[18] David Mayers, Cracking the Monolith: U.S. Policy against the Sino-Soviet Alliance,1949-1955(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986), pp. 142-149.

[19] Stephen Ambrose, Eisenhower: The President, pp. 244-245.

[20] Leonard H.D.Gordon, “United States Opposition to Use of Force in the Taiwan Strait, 1954-1962”, Journal of American History, vol. 72, no. 3(December 1985), pp. 637-660.

[21] Thomas Stolper, China, Taiwan, and the Offshore Islands: Together with an Implication for Out Mongolia and Sino-Soviet Relations (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E.Shape, 1985).

[22] David Mayers, Cracking the Monolith: U.S. Policy against the Sino-Soviet Alliance,1949-1955, pp. 142-143.

[23] Norman Graebner, “Eisenhower and Communism: The Public Record of the 1950s”, in Richard Melanson and David Mayers, eds., Reevaluating Eisenhower: American Foreign Policy in the Fifties(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), pp. 67-87.

[24] David Mayers, Cracking the Monolith: U.S. Policy against the Sino-Soviet Alliance,1949-1955, pp. 142-148.

[25] 约翰·盖迪斯：《美国的政策与看法：1949-1955年分裂中苏的“楔子战略”》，载袁明、哈里·哈丁主编：《中美关系史上沉重的一页》，北京大学出版社1989年，第247-286页。

[26] David Mayers, Cracking the Monolith: U.S. Policy against the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1949-1955, pp. 148-149.

[27] H.W.Brands,Jr., “Testing Massive Retaliation: Credibility and Crisis Management in Taiwan Strait”, International Security, vol. 12, no. 4(Spring 1988), pp. 124-151.

[28] McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years(New York: Random House, 1988); John Newhouse, War and Peace in the Nuclear Age(New York: Knopf, 1989).

[29] H.W.Brands,Jr., “Testing Massive Retaliation: Credibility and Crisis Management in Taiwan Strait”, p. 151.

[30] John Wilson Lewis, Xue Litai, China Builds the Bomb (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988).

[31] Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, “John Foster Dulles and the Taiwan Roots of the ‘Two China’ Policy”, in Richard Immerman, ed., John Foster Dulles and the Diplomacy of the Cold War: A Reappraisal (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990), pp. 235-262.